1 month ago
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is one of the fastest growing chronic pediatric conditions in Canada. The bio-psycho-social factors involved in the etiology, treatment, and prevention of pediatric T2D are unique relative to adult-onset T2D. Few studies exist describing the scientific approaches to studying mechanisms, prevention, and treatment of pediatric T2D.
JANA SLAGHT, STEPHANIE MANTHANARACK, ALLISON DART, VERNON DOLINSKY, JONATHAN MCGAVOCK
1 month ago
Youth with T2D have high rates of ambulatory hypertension. We hypothesize that prevalence of hypertension will be higher according to the new AHA 2022 ABPM guidelines, with a greater association to clinical measures of cardiorenal complications.
HARMAN KAUR VATS, ALLISON DART, RAHUL CHANCHLANI, BRANDY WICKLOW, ELIZABETH SELLERS, JONATHAN MCGAVOCK, MELISSA DEL VECCHIO
1 month ago
By May 31, 2024, no more than 25 patients per day will be booked into follow-up clinics at the RCH Diabetes and Pregnancy Clinic.
JENNIFER KLINKE
1 month ago
Food insecurity is an inadequate access to food due to financial constraints. It is more prevalent in families of children with diabetes, compared to the general population in Nova Scotia. It is also associated with an increased risk of diabetes complications (ketoacidosis, hospital admissions, and long-term consequences). We aimed to identify barriers and facilitators to discussing food security (FS) status, and to improve clinic processes to identify and support food insecure families.
MARA MCNEIL, ELIZABETH CUMMINGS
1 month ago
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD). We have shown high-risk young women aged 18–45 years with and without PCOS exhibit atherogenic dyslipidemia and increased atherosclerotic CVD (ACVD), compared to healthy-weight controls. In those with PCOS, the grading of ACVD is more adverse, inclusive of carotid plaque height (CPH) and carotid intimal medial thickness (CIMT). The aim of this study was to determine the natural history and progression of ACVD in young women with and without PCOS.
XIAOYING WU, MAHUA GHOSH, PAOLO RAGGI, HARALD BECHER, DONNA VINE
1 month ago
To respond to the Truth and Reconciliation call to action #19 by describing trends in inequities in cardiovascular disease (CVD) and several structural determinants of health among First Nations adults living in Winnipeg.
MONECA SINCLAIRE, KEVIN FRIESEN, HEATHER PRIOR, JONATHAN MCGAVOCK
1 month ago
Lack of attachment to a regular primary care provider (PCP) is a problem across Canada and a concern for people with diabetes. In Nova Scotia, people self-identify as having diabetes on the Need a Family Practice Registry (NFPR). We aimed to determine the scope of the problem, increase system capacity to deliver diabetes care, and increase access to that care for adults without a PCP.
KRISTIN CURRIE, PAM TALBOT, CHRISTINE TOMPKINS
1 month ago
Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) in type 1 diabetes has been regarded as a major diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) risk factor. We aimed to determine secular trends in DKA risk since CSII implementation in the 1980s.
DALTON BUDHRAM, PRIYA BAPAT, ABDULMOHSEN BAKHSH, MOHAMMAD ABUABAT, NATASHA VERHOEFF, DOUG MUMFORD, WAJEEHA CHEEMA, ANDREJ ORSZAG, AKSHAY JAIN, DAVID CHERNEY, MICHAEL FRALICK, BADER ALAMRI, ALANNA WEISMAN, LEIF ERIK LOVBLOM, BRUCE PERKINS
1 month ago
This study aimed to investigate the effects of intensive phone call diabetes self-management education (DSME) interventions on self-management behaviours and metabolic outcomes in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
LIFENG FAN
1 month ago
Age at diagnosis and medical trauma play important roles in how people living with type 1 diabetes (T1D) experience and interact with health care. The aim of this study was to assess how age at diagnosis and past experiences of medical trauma impact how people living with T1D perceive and seek future care.
JAMIE BOISVENUE, YOUSSEF ELEZZABI, KATHLEEN GIBSON, KIM YOUNG, PETER SENIOR, ROSEANNE YEUNG
1 month ago
Cardiometabolic diseases like atherosclerosis, liver steatosis, and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are characterized by vascular inflammation and dysregulated lipid metabolism. Lifestyle interventions, like the Diabetes Canada-approved ketogenic diet (KD), are first-line treatments for cardiometabolic disease. The KD is an extremely high-fat (>70% kcal), low- carbohydrate (< 10% kcal) diet that, in people, often raises cholesterol but reduces body weight and improves glycemia. T2D, obesity, and cardiovascular disease are associated with increased circulating dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 (DPP4) concentration and activity.
CASSANDRA LOCATELLI, MY-AHN NGUYEN, NATASHA TRZASKALSKI, NADYA MORROW, ARIANNE MORISSETTE, ERIN MULVIHILL
1 month ago
It is not uncommon for male to female (MTF) transgender patients to have the desire to breastfeed their children. While protocols exist to induce lactation in cis-females who did not give birth to their children, there is limited data and/or guidelines for inducing lactation in MTF transgender patients.
NAZANIN ASHTAR NAKHAEI, ANYA WATSON, HASINA VISRAM
1 month ago
Dyslipidemia continues to be an important and undermanaged modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Our previous qualitative research with patients and physicians found that both groups endorsed the development of a clinical decision-support tool to facilitate dyslipidemia management. We co-created an online, open-access, dyslipidemia clinical decision support tool called Let’s Talk Cholesterol and assessed the use and reach of the tool.
SONIA BUTALIA, JOANNA BLAAK, TODD ANDERSON, KATRINA NICHOLSON, OLIVER DAVID, MICHELLE CHENG, TYRONE HARRISON, MA GEER, WINNIE PEARSON, MAOLIOSA DONALD
1 month ago
Purpose of Study: Beta-cell senescence is a stress program involved in type 1 diabetes (T1D) in humans. Senescence leads to apoptosis resistance but the mechanisms governing this phenotype in human beta cells are not known. Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF15) is secreted from senescent human beta cells and is known to contribute to beta-cell survival in other settings. We hypothesized that secreted GDF15 maintains prosurvival signaling in senescent human beta cells.
NAYARA RAMPAZZO MORELLI, CAMILLE PREFONTAINE, JASMINE PIPELLA, PETER THOMPSON
1 month ago
Cardiac Rehab (CR) is a 12-week exercise and education program focused on behavioral change. Mortality rates from cardiovascular disease (CVD) are 2 to 4 times higher in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Studies indicate that a 1% reduction in glycated hemoglobin (A1C) lowers the risk of microvascular complications by 37% and diabetes-related deaths by 21%. Physical activity can decrease mortality risk, and an increase of exercise capacity by 1 Metabolic Equivalent (MET) is linked to reducing risk of all-cause mortality by 13% and risk of CVD events long term by 15%.
PEGGY HULAN, BECKY HEALY, MAUREEN TILLEY, DEANNA LANDRY, ALEX MACISAAC, SWARNIMA GAMBHIR, NICK GIACOMANTONIO, WANDA FIRTH
1 month ago
In nature, there are 2 forms of lactate – L-lactate and D-lactate. L-lactate is well studied in the Cori cycle. Unlike L-lactate produced by the host, most D-lactate originates from gut bacteria. D-lactate and L-lactate are absorbed at the same rate by the intestine, but D-lactate delivery in rodents leads to more glycogen deposition in the liver compared to L-lactate. People with diabetes and rodent models of diabetes both have higher levels of blood and urine D-lactate. Therefore, we hypothesize that gut microbiota-derived D-lactate engages an alternate branch of the Cori cycle and provides a key substrate for gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis in the host liver.
HAN FANG, JONATHAN SCHERTZER, FERNANDO ANHE, DANA KUKJE ZADA
1 month ago
Small Steps for Big Changes (SSBC) is a motivational interviewing (MI)-informed, diabetes prevention program delivered by SSBC-certified coaches in community fitness facilities. Once certified, SSBC coaches require no additional training. Current SSBC coaches have requested post-certification training opportunities. Virtual Communities of Practice (VCoPs) offer an accessible and scalable approach to professional development enriched by social connection. Pre-launch assessment of site usability and acceptance by coaches is essential.
REBECCA REITSMA, MARY E. JUNG
1 month ago
Obesity is a key factor in type 2 diabetes (T2D) progression. The microbiota can influence blood glucose and inflammation, but it has been hard to find specific bacteria that can meaningfully alter these parameters during obesity. This study aimed to evaluate new probiotic candidates from the Bifidobacterium family in mouse models of T2D. Eight new B. longum strains were used in a single bacterial mix (BLO) co-delivered with 2-fucosyllactose (2-FL). Male C57Bl/6J mice fed HFD 60% kcal fat received BLO 3 times per week via gavage for 17 weeks.
RODRIGO RODRIGUES E-LACERDA, NICOLE BARRA, HAN FANG, SALAH UDDIN KHAN, LESLEY MACNEIL, MICHAEL SURETTE, JONATHAN SCHERTZER
1 month ago
Adipose tissue-specific transgenic and knock-out mouse models of prohibitin1 (Phb1) have established its role in white and brown adipose tissue (WAT and BAT) biology, including sex-related differences. To get new insights and further explore this, we developed Phb1C69A and Phb1Y14F knock-in mouse models (lacking 2 key PTM sites in PHB1) separately using state-of-the-art CRISPR/Cas9 technology. The Phb1 knock-in mice displayed apparent sex-related differences in their BAT. In their gross anatomy, the BAT from both female knock-in mice showed enhanced brown color characteristic compared with their male counterparts, as well as the male and female wild-type mice.
NILOOFAR BEHESHTI DEHKORDI, YESHIKA BHATIA, SURESH MISHRA
1 month ago
Prohibitin-1 (PHB1) is an evolutionarily conserved pleiotropic protein. Recent findings in our laboratory from transgenic mouse models of PHB1 have revealed its role in interrelated sex differences in adipose and immune functions in physiology and pathophysiology. This likely involves 2 interconnected post-translational modifications of PHB1 at Cys69 and Tyr114 residues. However, it is not known whether PHB1 has a role in sex-related differences in other cell, tissue, and organ types. To explore this, we developed Phb1C69A and Phb1Y14F knock-in mouse models separately using state-of-the art CRISPR/Cas9 technology.
YESHIKA BHATIA, NILOOFAR BEHESHTI DEHKORDI, SURESH MISHRA
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